googletest教程¶

1 编译安装¶

执行以下指令下载安装

git clone https://github.com/google/googletest.git
cd googletest        # 仓库代码主目录.
mkdir build          # Create a directory to hold the build output.
cd build
cmake ..             # 只生成GoogleTest不生成GoogleMock

::: warning cd googletest是进入主目录下，而不是googletest/googletest目录 :::

在windows下build目录会生成.sln文件，使用visual studio打开
生成gtest、gtest_main项目的静态库

2 googletest的使用¶

上面的编译安装默认会生成googletest的静态库lib。 1. 包含lib库 1. 使用#pragma comment添加lib库 2. 或在vs上配置lib库路径和lib名 2. 包含头文件路径：将googletest/googletest/include添加到vs包含目录中 3. 包含头文件gtest.h：在使用googletest的地方首先包含gtest.h文件

#include "gtest/gtest.h"

#ifdef _DEBUG
#pragma comment(lib,"gtest_maind.lib")
#pragma comment(lib,"gtestd.lib")
#else
#pragma comment(lib,"gtest_main.lib")
#pragma comment(lib,"gtest.lib")
#endif

TEST(TestCaseName, TestName) {
    EXPECT_EQ(1, 1);
    EXPECT_TRUE(true);
}

//int main(int argc, char* argv[]) {
//  testing::InitGoogleTest(&argc, argv);
//  return RUN_ALL_TESTS();
//}

输出结果

[==========] Running 1 test from 1 test suite.
[----------] Global test environment set-up.
[----------] 1 test from TestCaseName
[ RUN      ] TestCaseName.TestName
[       OK ] TestCaseName.TestName (0 ms)
[----------] 1 test from TestCaseName (1 ms total)

[----------] Global test environment tear-down
[==========] 1 test from 1 test suite ran. (3 ms total)
[  PASSED  ] 1 test.

注意：在我们的程序中不需要提供mian函数，googletest会提供，当然我们也可以自己提供 - 自定义main函数，需要以下内容

#include "gtest/gtest.h"
int main(int argc, char* argv[]) {
    testing::InitGoogleTest(&argc, argv);
    return RUN_ALL_TESTS();
}

2.1 TEXT和TEXT_F¶

googletest中有2类测试方式，基本测试TEXT和测试夹具TEXT_F，TEXT_F是用来复用同一测试数据，避免冗余的。具体使用可参考官方文档 - https://github.com/google/googletest/blob/master/docs/primer.md

2.2 Environment类¶

Environment用作测试环境生成释放，如初始化，清理操作放入其中。 1. 定义子类继承Environment类，实现SetUp、TearDown函数 1. SetUp:构造时调用 2. TearDown:析构时调用 2. 在main函数中使用AddGlobalTestEnvironment函数

class TestEnvironment : public ::testing::Environment {
 public:
  void SetUp() override { TestNcsf::init(); }
  void TearDown() override { TestNcsf::clean(); }
};
int main(int argc, char** argv) {
  ::testing::AddGlobalTestEnvironment(new gtest_ncsf::TestEnvironment);
  ::testing::InitGoogleTest(&argc, argv);
  return RUN_ALL_TESTS();
}

3 命令行参数的使用¶

3.1 显示测试用例¶

参数：--gtest_list_tests
示例：

./程序名 --gtest_list_tests

此命令参数只显示测试用例，不会执行测试用例

3.2 过滤测试用例¶

参数:--gtest_filter
::连接多个匹配项
-:匹配项取反
*:匹配多个字符
?:匹配单个字符
示例：

./程序名 --gtest_filter=测试用例名(TestSuiteName.TestName)

更多使用参数解释：
./foo_test Has no flag, and thus runs all its tests.
./foo_test --gtest_filter=* Also runs everything, due to the single match-everything * value.
./foo_test --gtest_filter=FooTest.* Runs everything in test suite FooTest .
./foo_test --gtest_filter=*Null*:*Constructor* Runs any test whose full name contains either "Null" or "Constructor" .
./foo_test --gtest_filter=-*DeathTest.* Runs all non-death tests.
./foo_test --gtest_filter=FooTest.*-FooTest.Bar Runs everything in test suite FooTest except FooTest.Bar.
./foo_test --gtest_filter=FooTest.*:BarTest.*-FooTest.Bar:BarTest.Foo Runs everything in test suite FooTest except FooTest.Bar and everything in test suite BarTest except BarTest.Foo.

3.3 重复执行测试¶

参数：--gtest-repeat
示例

$ foo_test --gtest_repeat=1000
Repeat foo_test 1000 times and don't stop at failures.

$ foo_test --gtest_repeat=-1
A negative count means repeating forever.

$ foo_test --gtest_repeat=1000 --gtest_break_on_failure
Repeat foo_test 1000 times, stopping at the first failure.  This
is especially useful when running under a debugger: when the test
fails, it will drop into the debugger and you can then inspect
variables and stacks.

$ foo_test --gtest_repeat=1000 --gtest_filter=FooBar.*
Repeat the tests whose name matches the filter 1000 times.